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stipple engraving
Stipple engraving is a technique used to create tone in an intaglio print by distributing a pattern of dots of various sizes and densities across the image. The pattern is created on the printing plate either in engraving by gouging out the dots with a burin, or through an etching process.〔 Stippling was used as an adjunct to conventional line engraving and etching for over two centuries, before being developed as a distinct technique in the mid-18th century.〔
The technique allows for subtle tonal variations and is especially suitable for reproducing chalk drawings.
==Early history==
Stipple effects were used in conjunction with other engraving techniques by artists as early as Giulio Campagnola (c.1482 – c. 1515) and Ottavio Leoni (1578 – 1630), although some of Campagnola's small prints were almost entirely in stipple.〔Mark J. Zucker in Kristin L. Spangenberg (ed), ''Six Centuries of Master Prints: Treasures from the Herbert Greer French collection'', Cincinnati Art Museum, 1993, nos 39 & 40, ISBN 0-931537-15-0〕 In Holland in the seventeenth century, the printmaker and goldsmith Jan Lutma developed an engraving technique, known as ''opus mallei'', in which the dots are punched into the plate by an awl struck with a hammer, while in England the faces of portraits were engraved with stippled dots by William Rogers in the sixteenth century and Lucas Vorsterman in the seventeenth.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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